Indexing
All Issues
Submission
Author Guidelines
Reviewers
Editorial Members
Publication Fee
Vol.4 , No. 6, Publication Date: Sep. 26, 2017, Page: 74-79
&description=Physical properties and antioxidant activity of oil extracts from kernels of <i>Irvingia gabonensis</i>, <i>(Ig)</i> and <i>Irvingia wombolu (Iw)</i> were studied. In addition, the effect of testa on antioxidant was analyzed. Total Phenolics (TP), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), Total Antioxidant Activity (TAA) by thiocyanate (-SCN) method and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) techniques were used to assay antioxidant activity. Results showed that both oil extracts exhibited high antioxidant activity of between 61 – 93% irrespective of time of investigation. Mean inhibitory concentration, IC<sub>50</sub> of <i>Irvingia spp</i> was 15.4µg/ml compared with those of reference Quercetin and Vitamin C recorded as 4.38 and 1.85 µg/ml respectively. The contribution of testa to inhibit autoxidation was statistically significant (p<0.05). IC<sub>50</sub> of <i>Irvingia wombolu</i> with testa, <i>Iwt</i> (4.86µg/ml) particularly, was comparable with that of Quercetin. TAA by –SCN method discriminated best both between samples with and without testa. The study, therefore, showed that oil extract of <i>Irvingia</i> kernels contain high level of phenolic substances capable of inhibiting lipid autoxidation, and good enough to serve as quality oils in diet of animals and man. The use of intact kernels of <i>Irvingia</i> with testa is highly recommended.&picture=http://www.aascit.org/aascit/decorators/img/journal/907.jpg)
| [1] | Omale Jamila Audu, Department of Biochemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria. |
| [2] | Ojogbane Ele-Ojo, Department of Biochemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria. |
| [3] | Awodi Patience Ilecholubo, Department of Biochemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria. |
Physical properties and antioxidant activity of oil extracts from kernels of Irvingia gabonensis, (Ig) and Irvingia wombolu (Iw) were studied. In addition, the effect of testa on antioxidant was analyzed. Total Phenolics (TP), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), Total Antioxidant Activity (TAA) by thiocyanate (-SCN) method and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) techniques were used to assay antioxidant activity. Results showed that both oil extracts exhibited high antioxidant activity of between 61 – 93% irrespective of time of investigation. Mean inhibitory concentration, IC50 of Irvingia spp was 15.4µg/ml compared with those of reference Quercetin and Vitamin C recorded as 4.38 and 1.85 µg/ml respectively. The contribution of testa to inhibit autoxidation was statistically significant (p<0.05). IC50 of Irvingia wombolu with testa, Iwt (4.86µg/ml) particularly, was comparable with that of Quercetin. TAA by –SCN method discriminated best both between samples with and without testa. The study, therefore, showed that oil extract of Irvingia kernels contain high level of phenolic substances capable of inhibiting lipid autoxidation, and good enough to serve as quality oils in diet of animals and man. The use of intact kernels of Irvingia with testa is highly recommended.
Keywords
Lipid Peroxidation, Irvingia, DPPH, Testa, Radicals, Phenol
Reference
| [01] | Borneo R, Leόn EA, Aguirre A, Ribotta P, Cantero JJ (2008). Antioxidant capacity of medicinal plants from the Province of Cordoba (Argentina) and their in vitro testing in model food system. Food Chem. 112: 664-670. |
| [02] | Katalinić V, Miloš M, Kulišić T & Jukić M (2004). Screening of 70 medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant capacity and total phenols. Food Chem. 94, 550-557. |
| [03] | Mulabagal V & Tsay H (2004). Plant Cell Cultures - an alternative and efficient source for the production of biologically important secondary metabolites. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Tech. 2, 29-48. |
| [04] | Ghosh T, Maity KT, Sengupta P, Dash, KD & Bose A (2008). Antidiabetic and in vivo antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri Linn. aerial parts: a possible mechanism of action. Iranian J. Pharm. Res. 7, 61-68. |
| [05] | Ognjanović BI, Marković SD, Pavlović SZ, Žikić RV, Štajn AŠ & Saičić ZS (2008). Effect of chronic cadmium exposure on antioxidant defense system in some tissues of rats: protective effect of selenium. Physiol. Res. 57, 403-411. |
| [06] | Wei YH, (2002). Free Radical Theory of Aging. Experimental Biology and Medicine. 227: 671-682. |
| [07] | Gromadzka J & Wardencki W (2011). Trends in edible vegetable oil analysis: Determination of different components of edible oils. Pol. J. Nutri Sci. 61 (1) 33-43. |
| [08] | Ranasinghe R, Ediriweera E (2017). Medicinal and Nutritional Values of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc (Kulattha): A Conceptual Study. Global Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science. 1 (2): 1-10. |
| [09] | Szukalska E (2003). The chosen problems of fat oxidation. T1 Jad., 38: 42-58. |
| [10] | Kizek R, Sochor J, Ryvolova M, Krystofova O, Salas P, Hubalek J, Adam V, Trnkova L, Havel L, Beklova M, Zehnalek J & Provaznik I (2010). Fully Automated Spectrometric Protocols for Determination of Antioxidant Activity: Advantages and Disadvantages. Molecules. 15: 8618-8640. |
| [11] | Usama Shaheen, Kadry Abdel Khalik, Mohamed IS Abdelhady, Saad Howladar, Mohammed Alarjah and Mohammed AS Abourehab (2017). HPLC Profile of Phenolic Constituents, Essential Oil Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Six Plectranthus Species Growing in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 9 (4): 345-354. |
| [12] | www.cifor,cgiar.org. (Ecoregional Center, Yaounde, Cameroon, 2008.) Accessed 2013. |
| [13] | Ekpo IW, Amor ID & Morah FNI (2007). Seed oils and nutritive studies on the seeds of gabonensis and wombolu varieties of Irvingia gabonensis. The Nigerian Academic Forum. 13: 1. |
| [14] | Arogba SS (2001). The effect of testa on the physico-chemical properties, browning index and functional properties of wild mango (Irvingia gabonensis var. gabonensis) kernel. Inter-World Journal Science and Technology. 1 (1): 159-167. |
| [15] | Akubor PI (1996). The stability of African bush mango juice for wine production. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 49: 213-219. |
| [16] | Maisuthisakul P, (2011). Antioxidant capacity of extracts and fractions from mango (Mangifera indica Linn) seed kernels. International Food Research Journal. 18: 523-528. |
| [17] | Benzie FFI & Strain JJ (1996). The Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Anal Bio. 239: 70-76. |
| [18] | Aliyu AB, Ibrahim MA, Musa, AM, Bulus T & Oyewole AO (2011). Phenolic Content and antioxidant capacity of extracts and fractions of Vernonia blumeoides (Astereceae). International Journal of Biology and Chemistry. (DOI: 10.3923/ijbc.2011). |
| [19] | Matos L, Nzikou JM, Matouba VN & Pandou-Yembe VN (2009). Studies of Irvingia gabonensis seed kernels: Oil Technological Applications. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 8 (2): 151-157. |
| [20] | Omale JA, Arogba SS & Omale A (2014). Physical properties and antioxidant activity of Wild Mango kernel (Irvingia wombolu and Irvingia gabonensis) oil extracts. Book of Proceedings, 37th Annual International Conference, Workshop and Exhibition, Chemical Society of Nigeria. Pg 238-241. |
| [21] | Snoog Y and Barlow P (2004). Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of selected fruit seeds. Food Chemistry. 88: 411-417. |
| [22] | Prakruthi A Sunil L, Prasanth Kumar PK Gopala Krishna, AG (2014). Composition of coconut testa, coconut kernel and its oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society. 91 (6): 917-924. |
| [23] | Prakruthi A Sunil L, Prasanth Kumar PK Gopala Krishna, AG (2016). Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of testa extracts of commercial wet and dry coconuts and cakes. International Research Journal of Pharmacy. 7: 9-13. |
| [24] | Dudonne’, S, Poupard, P, Coutie‘ re, P (2011). Phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of poplar bud (Populusnigra) extract: individual antioxidant contribution of phenolics and transcriptional effect on skin aging. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 59: 4527-4536. |
| [25] | Yufeng Zhang, Yajun Zheng, Kejun Duan and Qing Gui (2017). Preparation, antioxidant activity and protective effect of coconut testa oil extraction on oxidative damage to human serum albumin. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 51: 946-953. |
