Indexing
All Issues
Submission
Author Guidelines
Reviewers
Editorial Members
Publication Fee
Vol.2 , No. 4, Publication Date: Jul. 22, 2015, Page: 95-108
 and lyre: characterization of plant architecture (Point Quadrat), thermal conditions (canopy and air temperatures), water supply (pre-dawn leaf water potential), berry weight, and berry evolution and composition (sugar content, total acidity and pH and anthocyanins). Samples were taken weekly from veraison to harvest with two replicates. Quantity and evolution of berry compounds depended on plant architecture, and this affected the microclimate and the water status of plants. Lyre showed higher yields and higher sugars and anthocyanins values. Acidity was higher in VSP. The maximal temperature of the canopy was higher than the environmental maximal temperature, as well as the thermal amplitude. VSP registered thermal peaks and a broader thermal amplitude, whereas lyre showed more hours within the thermal ranges favorable to photosynthesis and anthocyanins synthesis. The greater leaf surface of the lyre caused water deficit situations.&picture=http://www.aascit.org/aascit/decorators/img/journal/923.jpg)
| [1] | Milka Ferrer, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay. |
| [2] | Gerardo Echeverría, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay. |
| [3] | Gustavo Gonzalez-Neves, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay. |
Temperature and plant water status are considered determinant for physiological processes and grape composition, and plant architecture contributes in a significant way in their regulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of micro-thermal conditions and water supply on the evolution and composition of berries on Merlot cultivar, influenced by plant architecture. The experiment was carried out in a commercial vineyard, in 2002 and 2003 with cv Merlot. The following parameters were measured in plants trellised to Vertical Shoot Positioning (VSP) and lyre: characterization of plant architecture (Point Quadrat), thermal conditions (canopy and air temperatures), water supply (pre-dawn leaf water potential), berry weight, and berry evolution and composition (sugar content, total acidity and pH and anthocyanins). Samples were taken weekly from veraison to harvest with two replicates. Quantity and evolution of berry compounds depended on plant architecture, and this affected the microclimate and the water status of plants. Lyre showed higher yields and higher sugars and anthocyanins values. Acidity was higher in VSP. The maximal temperature of the canopy was higher than the environmental maximal temperature, as well as the thermal amplitude. VSP registered thermal peaks and a broader thermal amplitude, whereas lyre showed more hours within the thermal ranges favorable to photosynthesis and anthocyanins synthesis. The greater leaf surface of the lyre caused water deficit situations.
Keywords
Evolution and Composition of Berry Compounds, Plant Architecture, Thermal Microclimate, Water Status, Merlot
Reference
| [01] | Smart, R.E. and Robinson, M. (1991). Sunlight into wine. A handbook for winegrape canopy management. (Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, New Zealand) 88pp |
| [02] | Tandonnet J, Samie B, Ollat N (1996). Etude des interactions entre trois systèmes de conduite et le mode d’entretien du sol. Proceedings of the IX.GESCO 21–23 August Budapest - Hungary (University of Horticulture and Food Industries) pp 61-68 |
| [03] | Spayd SE, Tarara JM, Mee DL, Ferguson JC (2002). Separation of sunlight and temperature effects on the composition of Vitis vinifera cv Merlot berries. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 53:3 171-182 |
| [04] | Carbonneau A (2003) Rappel des principaux effets des composantes du système de conduite. Progrès Agricole Viticole. 120 (13-14) 293-294. |
| [05] | Gladstone E, Dokoozlian N (2003) Influence of leaf area density and trellis/training system on the light microclimate within grapevine canopies. Vitis 42 (3), 123–131 |
| [06] | Dai Z, Ollat N, Gomes E, Decroocq S, Tandonnet J P, Bordenave L, Pieri P, Hilbert G, Kappel Ch, van Leeuwen C, Vivin P, Delrot S (2001) Ecophysiological, genetic, and molecular causes of variation in grape berry weight and composition: A review Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 62:4 413- 424. |
| [07] | Hunter J, Bonnardot V (2011) Suitability of Some Climatic Parameters for Grapevine Cultivation in South Africa, with Focus on Key Physiological Processes. S. Afric. J. Enol Vitic Vol. 32, No. 1 137-154 |
| [08] | Millar AA (1972) Thermal Regime of Grapevines. Am. J. Enol. Vitic .Vol. 23 no. 4 173-176 |
| [09] | Matese A, Genesio L, Crisci A, Di Gennaro F, Fiorillo E, Primicerio J, Di Blasi S, Pedò S, Zorer R, Vaccari F. (2011) Impatto delle pratiche di gestione della chioma sulla dinamica microclimatica e relazioni con la qualita’ delle uve. Proceedings of the 7ma.Enoforum 3-5 May Arezzo-Italy (Societa Italiana de Viticultura ed Enologia) |
| [10] | Sweetman C, Sadras VO, Hancock RD, Soole KL, Ford C M (2014) Metabolic effects of elevated temperature on organic acid degradation in ripening Vitis vinifera fruit Journal of Experimental Botany http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html |
| [11] | Glen M, Cooley N,Walker R, Clingeleffer P, Shellie K (2010) Impact of Kaolin Particle Film and Water Deficit on Wine Grape Water Use Efficiency and Plant Water Relations. HortScience 45(8):1178–1187 |
| [12] | Rojas – Lara BA, Morrison JC (1989). Differential effects of shading fruit or foliage on the development and composition of grape berries. Vitis 28 199-208 |
| [13] | Ristic R., Downey M., Iland P, Bindon K, Francis I, Herderich M, Robinson S (2007) Exclusion of sunlight from Shiraz grapes alters wine colour, tannin and sensory properties Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 13,53–65. |
| [14] | Tonietto J, Carbonneau A (2002) Régime thermique en période de maturation du raisin dans le géoclimat viticole. Indice de fraicheur des nuits – IF et amplitude thermique Proceedings of the IV Symposium International sur le zonage vitivinicole 17 - 20 June Avignon-France pp 279 – 289. |
| [15] | Mori K, Goto-yamamoto N, Kitayama M, Hashizume, K (2007) Loss of anthocyanins in red-wine grape under high Temperature. Journal of Experimental Botany 1-11 |
| [16] | Poudel PR, Mochioka R, Beppu K, Kataoka I (2009) Influence of Temperature on Berry Composition of Interspecific Hybrid Wine Grape ‘Kadainou R-1’ (Vitis ficifolia var. ganebu × Vits vinifera ‘Muscat of Alexandria’). J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 78 (2): 169–174 |
| [17] | Guidoni S, Ferrandino A, Novello V (2008). Effects of seasonal and agronomical practices on skin anthocyanin profile of cv. Nebbiolo grapes. Am. J. Enol. Vitic 53(3):224-226. |
| [18] | González-Neves G, Ferrer M (2008) Efectos del sistema de conducción y del raleo de racimos en la composición de uvas Merlot Agrociencia Vol XII N° 2 pág. 10 – 18 |
| [19] | Chaves M, Zarrouk O, Francisco R, Costa J, Santos T, Regalado A, Rodrigues L, Lopes C (2010) Grapevine under deficit irrigation: hints from physiological and molecular data. Ann. Bot. 105: 661–676. |
| [20] | Sadras VO, Petrie PR, Moran MA (2013) Effects of elevated temperature in grapevine. II juice pH, titratable acidity and wine sensory attributes. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 19,107–115 |
| [21] | Keller M (2007). Grapevine Anatomy and Physiology 200p Printed at Washington State University |
| [22] | Ferrer M (2007) Etude du climat des régions viticoles de l'Uruguay des variations climatiques et de l'interaction apportée par le microclimat et l'écophysiologie des systèmes de conduite Espalier et Lyre sur Merlot. PhD Thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique – Université de Montpellier II - France 360pp. http://www.fagro.edu.uy/~viticultura/Docencia |
| [23] | Etchebarne F, Ojeda H, Hunter JJ (2010) Leaf: Fruit Ratio and Vine Water Status Effects on Grenache Noir (Vitis vinifera L.) Berry Composition: Water, Sugar, Organic Acids and Cations. S. Afric. J.Enol Vitic. Vol. 31, No. 2, 106-115 |
| [24] | Famiani F, Walker R, Técsi L, Chen ZH, Proietti P, Leegood R (2000) An immunohistochemical study of the compartmentation of metabolism during the development of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries. J. Exp. Bot. Vol. 51, No. 345, pp. 675–683 |
| [25] | Kuhn N, Guan L, Dai ZW,Wu BH, Lauvergeat V, Gomès E , Li S.H, Godoy F, Arce-Johnson P., Delrot S (2013) Berry ripening: recently heard through the grapevine. Journal of Experimental Botany pp 1-17 |
| [26] | Tonietto J, Carbonneau A (2004) A multicriteria climatic classification system for grape-growing regions worldwide. Agric. Fort. Meto.124, 81-97 |
| [27] | Eichhorn KW, Lorenz DH (1977) Phonologische entwicklungsstadien der rebe Nachrichtenbl. Dtsdch. Pflanzenscgutzd (Braunschweig) 29: 119-120 |
| [28] | Carbonneau A (1995) La surface foliaire exposée – guide pour sa mesure. Progrès Agricole et Viticole 9. 204-212 |
| [29] | Scholander P, Hammel H, Branbsreet E, Hammingsen E (1965). Sap pressure in vascular plant. Siences 148, 339-346 |
| [30] | Carbonneau A (1998). Irrigation, vignoble et produits de la vigne. In: Lavoisier (ed) Traité d’irrigation, Aspects qualitatifs. pp. 257–276 |
| [31] | Carbonneau A, Moueix A, Leclair N, Renoux J (1991) Proposition d’une méthode de prélèvement de raisin à partir de l’analyse de l’hétérogénéité de maturation sur un cep. Bulletin de l’OIV 727/728 : 679 – 690. |
| [32] | O.I.V (1999). Recueil des méthodes internationales d’analyse des vins et des moûts. Paris : Office International de la Vigne et du Vin. 368p |
| [33] | Glories Y, Augustin M (1995). Maturité phénolique du raisin, conséquences technologiques: application aux millésimes 1991 et 1992. Proceedings of the Journée Technique. CIVB, Bordeaux – France (Conseil interprofessionnel du vin de Bordeaux) pp 56 – 61 |
| [34] | Ribéreau-Gayon P, Stonestreet E. (1965). Le dosage des anthocyanes dans le vin rouge. Bulletin de la Société Chimique. 9: 2649 -2652 |
| [35] | González-Neves G, Charamelo D, Balado J, Barreiro L, Bochicchio R, Gatto G, Gil G, Tessore A, Carbonneau A, Moutounet M (2004) Phenolic potential of Tannat, Cabernet-Sauvignon and Merlot grapes and their correspondence with wine composition. Analytica Chimica Acta 513 (1): 191-196 |
| [36] | Reynols A,Van Heuvel J (2009) Influence of grapevine training systems on vine growth and fruit composition. A review Am. J. Enol. Vitic 60:3 251-268 |
| [37] | Kriedemann PE (1977) Vine leaf photosynthesis. In: Proc. Int. Symp. on the Quality of the Vintage, 14-21 Feb. 1977, Cape Town. pp. 67-87. |
| [38] | Hunter J, de Villiers OT, Watts JE (1991) The Effect of Partial Defoliation on Quality Characteristics of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes 1. Sugars, Acids and pH. S. Afr. J. Enol. Vitic. Vol. 12, No. 1 |
| [39] | Vanden Heuvel J, Leonardos E, Proctor J, Fisher H, Sullivan J (2002) Translocation and partitioning patterns of 14C photoassimilate from light-and shade-adapted shoots in greenhouse- grown Chardonnay grapevines (Vitis vinífera L) J. Am Soc Hortic Sci127 (6):912-918 |
| [40] | Orlandini S, Dalla Marta A, Mattii G B (2008) Analysis and agrometeorological modelling of grapevine responses to different trellising systems. Vitis 47 (2), 89–96 |
| [41] | Bota J, Stasyk O, Flexas J, Medrano H (2004) Effect of water stress on partitioning of 14C-labelled photosynthates in Vitis vinifera. Functional Plant Biology 31,697–708. |
| [42] | Kappel C D (2010) Biologie integrative du metabolisme de la baie de raisin. PhD Thèses Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2 177pp http://www.theses.fr/ |
| [43] | Deluc L, Grimplet J, Wheatley M, Tillett R, Quilici D, Osborne C, Schooley D, Schlauch K, Cushman J, Cramer G. Transcriptomic and metabolite analyses of Cabernet Sauvignon grapeberry development BMC Genomics. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/429 |
