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Vol.6 , No. 3, Publication Date: Nov. 12, 2019, Page: 30-42
. Ultrafast color Doppler (UFCD), high-frame-rate vector flow (HiFR-VF), and PW methods were compared on a standardized phantom. The time-averaged maximum (TAmax) velocity measured by three different ultrasound systems was compared with the nominal values, namely 35, 70 and 106 cm/s, displayed by the phantom. The accuracy and precision in measuring different velocities were estimated for a continuously fully-developed flow in a 5 mm diameter straight tube. All the systems estimated TAmax with a relative bias between -10% and +20% with PW, mainly overestimating the expected velocity. The mean velocities and relative biases were significantly different in the three systems at almost all selected velocities (p<0.0001). However, the mean velocities and relative biases were not significantly different for UFCD and HiFR-VF methods at all velocities (p>0.36) and showed the same accuracy and precision (p>0.05). The HiFR-VF, UFCD and PW methods demonstrated an overall mean relative bias of -1.02%, 2.14% and -2.77%, respectively. The HiFR-VF technique resulted in more accurate and precise overall results. HiFR-VF and UFCD were more accurate and precise than PW in the TAmax assessments at various velocities. HiFR-VF showed better performance compared to PW and UFCD which are angle dependent. This may be due to HiFR-VF angle independence. The HiFR-VF findings were achieved with the plane wave multidirectional transmission and reception technique, employed to measure each velocity vector component, which may have affected the positive results.&picture=http://www.aascit.org/aascit/decorators/img/journal/912.jpg)
| [1] | Alfredo Goddi, SME Medical Center - Diagnostic Imaging, Varese, Italy. |
| [2] | Lisa Milan, Postgraduate School of Medical Physics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy；Medical Physics Department, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy. |
| [3] | Paola Nocera, Postgraduate School of Medical Physics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy；Medical Physics Department, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy. |
| [4] | Luca Aiani, SME Medical Center - Diagnostic Imaging, Varese, Italy. |
| [5] | Chandra Bortolotto, Radiology Department, Fondazione Istituto Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. |
| [6] | Ilaria Fiorina, Radiology Department, Fondazione Istituto Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. |
| [7] | Michela Bozzetto, Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Dalmine (Bergamo), Italy. |
| [8] | Raffaele Novario, Medical Physics Department, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy；Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. |
The aim of this work is to compare the in vitro performance of two new Doppler techniques with pulsed wave Doppler (PW). Ultrafast color Doppler (UFCD), high-frame-rate vector flow (HiFR-VF), and PW methods were compared on a standardized phantom. The time-averaged maximum (TAmax) velocity measured by three different ultrasound systems was compared with the nominal values, namely 35, 70 and 106 cm/s, displayed by the phantom. The accuracy and precision in measuring different velocities were estimated for a continuously fully-developed flow in a 5 mm diameter straight tube. All the systems estimated TAmax with a relative bias between -10% and +20% with PW, mainly overestimating the expected velocity. The mean velocities and relative biases were significantly different in the three systems at almost all selected velocities (p<0.0001). However, the mean velocities and relative biases were not significantly different for UFCD and HiFR-VF methods at all velocities (p>0.36) and showed the same accuracy and precision (p>0.05). The HiFR-VF, UFCD and PW methods demonstrated an overall mean relative bias of -1.02%, 2.14% and -2.77%, respectively. The HiFR-VF technique resulted in more accurate and precise overall results. HiFR-VF and UFCD were more accurate and precise than PW in the TAmax assessments at various velocities. HiFR-VF showed better performance compared to PW and UFCD which are angle dependent. This may be due to HiFR-VF angle independence. The HiFR-VF findings were achieved with the plane wave multidirectional transmission and reception technique, employed to measure each velocity vector component, which may have affected the positive results.
Keywords
Doppler, Plane Wave Imaging, Vector Flow Imaging, Ultrafast Doppler, Pulsed Wave Doppler
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