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Health Sciences Research

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The Unsafe Regions and Health Implications of the Deposition of Heavy Metals in Nigeria ‘A Systematic Review Focusing on Lead and Cadmium’

Health Sciences Research
Vol.4 , No. 6, Publication Date: Sep. 26, 2017, Page: 29-40

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Authors

[1]	Ibrahim Kaa Lezeya Christopher, Department of Family Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria.
[2]	Nzelibe Humphrey Chukwuemeka, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
[3]	Tatah Verwiyeh Silas, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria.

Abstract

Pollution of the environment with heavy metals is a great problem to public health. Heavy metal contamination from industries, fertilizer, liming materials and agrochemicals has been a significant issue. Water bodies and soil used by humans and animals are been polluted with these metals and these results to health challenges mostly in developing countries like Nigeria where there are little or no measures to control environmental pollution as well as waste management. Rapid increase in population growth and industrialization with inadequate waste treatment and disposal is a great challenge in developing world. Lead and cadmium deposition is a major public health issue because they are harmful when ingested at low concentration. A systematic literature review approach was carried out and a total of nine studies were obtained, all related to heavy metals in Nigeria with cadmium, lead or cadmium and lead included in each study. The result from this study shows the concentration of lead and cadmium above the tolerance limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO) in samples analyzed from each of the study which ranged from soil, water, pediatric syrups, cosmetics, meat and battery manufacturing plant in Nigeria. Contributing factors to these are the lack of treatment and quality monitoring of industrial wastewater, improper disposal of wastewater, lack of public awareness and site for industrial activities which are close to residential areas. Results obtained from this study imply that heavy metal pollution in Nigeria is a major challenge as such government and non-governmental bodies need to provide measures in other to control the deposition of toxic metals and other waste in the country.

Keywords

Heavy Metal, Pollution, Public Health, Unsafe Regions

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