ISSN: 2375-379X
Health Sciences Research  
Manuscript Information
 
 
Pharmacy Students' Care Improved HBA1c Levels and Quality of Life of Patients with Diabetes
Health Sciences Research
Vol.4 , No. 3, Publication Date: Aug. 8, 2017, Page: 10-16
1129 Views Since August 8, 2017, 622 Downloads Since Aug. 8, 2017
 
 
Authors
 
[1]    

Rivka Berger, Diabetes Clinic, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel.

[2]    

Orly Sarid, Department of Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.

[3]    

Yesha'aya Gensler, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel.

[4]    

Ilana Harman-Boehm, Diabetes Clinic, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel.

[5]    

Jonathan Guez, Department of Psychiatry, Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Department of Psychology, Achva Academic College, Beer-Tuvia, Israel.

 
Abstract
 

The objective of the current study was to examine the pharmacy student care effect on HbA1c levels and quality of life (QoL) of T2DM patients. For this purpose pharmacy students received an academic course on theoretical and clinical aspects of T2DM management. Students carried out a psycho-educational intervention among T2DM patients. T2DM patients (n=135) participated in two projects. Within each project a random allocation to intervention group (IG) or control group (CG) was conducted. In the first project, HbA1c levels were taken from patients' medical files before the intervention commenced (t1), after half a year (t2) and after one year (t3). In the second project, HbA1c levels and QoL values were measured pre-intervention (t1) and after one year (t2). In both projects, the results showed that HbA1c levels declined at t2 among participants in the IG group only. In the second project, IG patients exhibited improvement on the physical and psychological QoL scales compared to no improvement among CG. It was therefore concluded that Integrative intervention by pharmacy students decreased HBA1c levels and improved aspects of quality of life among T2DM patients. Practically, pharmacy students play an important role in bridging the gap between physician recommendations and patients’ optimal metabolic-control, by conducting continuous psycho-educational interventions.


Keywords
 

Diabetes, T2DM Patients, Pharmacy Students, Psycho-Behavioral Intervention, HbA1c, Quality of Life, Health Care


Reference
 
[01]    

INHIS-2, 2007–2010 Israel National Health Interview Survey selected findings. Center for disease control, ministry of health, Jerusalem. 2012; 331.

[02]    

OECD Indicators. Health at a glance 2013. OECD Publishing.

[03]    

Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study. JAMA 1979; 241: 2035-2038.

[04]    

Fuller JH, Shipley MJ, Rose G, Jarrett RJ, Keen H. Mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke in relation to degree of glycaemia: the Whitehall study. BMJ 1983; 287: 867-870.

[05]    

Standards of medical care in diabetes Diabetes Care. 2014; 37 (Sup 1): S14-S80.

[06]    

Fisher L, Hessler D, Glasgow RE, et al. REDEEM: a pragmatic trial to reduce diabetes distress. Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 2551-2558.

[07]    

Ciechanowski P. Depression: an integrated model for understanding the experience of individuals with co-occuring diabetes and depression. Clin Diabetes 2011; 29: 43-50.

[08]    

Surwit RS, van Tilburg MA, Zucker N, et al. Stress management improves long-term glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2002; 25 (1): 30-34.

[09]    

Schillinger D, Barton L R, Karter A J, Wang F, Adler N. (2006). Does literacy mediate the relationship between education and health outcomes? A study of a low-income population with diabetes. PHR 2006; 121 (3): 245-254.

[10]    

Osborn CY, Cavanaugh K, Wallston KA. et al. Health literacy explains racial disparities in diabetes medication adherence. J Health Commun 2011; 16 (sup 3): 268-278.

[11]    

Nam S, Chesla C, Stotts NA, Kroon L, Janson SL. Barriers to diabetes management: patient and provider factors. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 93: 1-9.

[12]    

Delahanty LM. An expanded role for dietitians in maximising retention in nutrition and lifestyle intervention trials: implications for clinical practice. J Hum Nutr Diet 2010; 23 (4), 336-343.

[13]    

Scain SF, Friedman R, Gross JL. A structured educational program improves metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Educ 2009, 35: 603-611.

[14]    

Del Canale S, Louis DZ, MaioV. et al. The relationship between physician empathy and disease complications: an empirical study of primary care physicians and their diabetic patients in Parma, Italy. Acad Med 2012; 87 (9): 1243-1249.

[15]    

DiMatteo MR, Sherbourne CD, Hays RD, et al. Physicians’ characteristics influence patients’ adherence to medical treatment: Results from the medical outcomes study. Health Psychol. 1993; 12: 93-102.

[16]    

Scott DM, Boyd S T, Stephan M, Augustine SC, Reardon T. Outcomes of pharmacist-managed diabetes care services in a community health center. ASHP 2006; 63 (21): 2116-2122.

[17]    

Berenguer B, La Casa C, de la Matta MJ, Martín-Calero MJ. Pharmaceutical care: past, present and future. Curr Pharm Des 2004; 10 (31): 3931-3946.

[18]    

Martín-Calero MJ, Machuca M, Murillo MD, Cansino J, Gastelurrutia MA, Faus MJ. Structural process and implementation programs of pharmaceutical care in different countries Curr Pharm Des 2004; 10 (31): 3969-3985.

[19]    

Murray MD, Young J, Hoke S et al. Pharmacist intervention to improve medication adherence in heart failure: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146 (10): 714-725.

[20]    

Petkova V, Petrova G. Pilot project for education of patients with type 2 diabetes in Bulgaria. Acta Diabetol 2006; 43: 37-42.

[21]    

Wubben DP, Vivian EM. Effects of pharmacist outpatient interventions on adults with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Pharmacotherapy. 2008; 28 (4): 421-436.

[22]    

Ahmad A, Hugtenburg J, Welschen LM, Dekker JM, Nijpels G. Effect of medication review and cognitive behaviour treatment by community pharmacists of patients discharged from the hospital on drug related problems and compliance: design of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2010; 10: 133.

[23]    

de Sá Borges AP, Guidoni CM, Ferreira LD, de Freitas O, Pereira LR L. (2010). The pharmaceutical care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharm World Sci 2010; 32 (6): 730-736.

[24]    

Haggerty SA, Cerulli J, Mario M et al. Community pharmacy Target Intervention Program to improve aspirin use in persons with diabetes. JAPhA 2004; 45 (1): 17-22.

[25]    

Delea D, Shrader S, Phillips C. A week-long diabetes simulation for Pharmacy Students Am J Pharm Educ 2010; 74 (7): 130.

[26]    

WHOQOL Group. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychol Med 1998; 28: 551-558.

[27]    

Skevington S, Lofty M, O'Connell K. The World Health Organisation's WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: Psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A report from the WHOQOL Group. Qual Life Res 2004; 13: 299-310.

[28]    

Duke SA, Colagiuri S, Colagiuri R. Individual patient education for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009; 21; (1).

[29]    

Jones A, Gladstone BP, Lübeck M. et al. Motivational interventions in the management of HbA1c levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prim Care Diabetes, 2014; 8 (2): 91-100.

[30]    

Rickheim PL., Weaver TW, Flader JL Kendall DM. Assessment of group versus individual diabetes education a randomized study. Diabetes care. 2002; 25 (2): 269-274.

[31]    

Frosch DL, Uy V, Ochoa S, Mangione CM. Evaluation of a behavior support intervention for patients with poorly controlled diabetes. Arch Intern Med. 2011; 171 (22): 2011-2017.

[32]    

Mourão AOM. Ferreira WR, Martins MAP. et al. Pharmaceutical care program for type 2 diabetes patients in Brazil: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Clin Pharm 2013; 35 (1): 79-86.

[33]    

James, D., Nastasic, S., Davies, J. G., & Horne, R. The design and evaluation of a simulated‐patient teaching programme to develop the consultation skills of undergraduate pharmacy students. Pharm World Sci 2001; 23 (6), 212-216.

[34]    

Lambert BL, Gillespie JL. Patient perceptions of pharmacy students' hypertension compliance-gaining messages: Effects of message design logic and content themes. Health Commun 1994; 6 (4): 311-325.

[35]    

McCollum M, Nuffer W, Ellis SL, Turner CJ. Physician acceptance of pharmacotherapy recommendations made by pharmacy students in a rural pharmacy-based diabetes care and education clinic. Am J Pharm Educ 2009; 73 (2): 24.

[36]    

Walpola, R. L., Fois, R. A., McLachlan, A. J., & Chen, T. F. Evaluating the effectiveness of a peer-led education intervention to improve the patient safety attitudes of junior pharmacy students: a cross-sectional study using a latent growth curve modelling approach. BMJ open 2015; 5 (12).

[37]    

Andrus, M. R., & Stevenson, T. L. Three-year review of pharmacy students’ interventions and activities in an outpatient teaching family medicine center. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning 2015; 7 (2), 192-198.‏





 
  Join Us
 
  Join as Reviewer
 
  Join Editorial Board
 
share:
 
 
Submission
 
 
Membership