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Vol.4 , No. 2, Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2017, Page: 11-15
 stem bark has been traditionally identified as natural surfactant in North Central States of Nigeria (especially in Taraba and Adamawa States) and it’s been evaluated in this work. The successive extract of the stem bark was carried out using separating funnel on four solvents with respect to their polarity and the extract obtained was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening analysis. The phytochemical screening investigation revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. The stem bark of <i>Balanites aegyptiaca</i> (BS) extract was evaluated based on saponin value, surface activity and p<sup>H</sup> at different concentrations and compared with two commercial surfactants (symbolized SS and ZS). The <i>Balanites aegyptiaca</i> stem bark extract shows presence of saponin using frothing and haemolysis test. The crude saponin obtained from <i>Balanites aegyptiaca</i> stem bark methanol extract yielded 35.2% for 100g. An amount of 2g/100mL of the extract tested for surface activity yielded 51.63Nm<sup>-1</sup>, 25.15 Nm<sup>-1</sup> and 24.32 Nm<sup>-1</sup> for BS, SS and ZS respectively, Also an amount of 4g/100mL of the extract yielded, 50.01 Nm<sup>-1</sup>, 23.62 Nm<sup>-1</sup> and 22.06 Nm<sup>-1</sup> for BS, SS and ZS respectively. The following was obtained at different high concentrations, that is, 48.54 Nm<sup>-1</sup>, 22.49 Nm<sup>-1</sup> and 20.39 Nm<sup>-1</sup> for 6g/100mL; 48.51 Nm<sup>-1</sup>, 21.20 Nm<sup>-1</sup> and 21.49 Nm<sup>-1</sup> at 8g/100mL; and 44.70 Nm<sup>-1</sup>, 24.41 Nm<sup>-1</sup> and 22.90 Nm<sup>-1</sup> at 10g/100mL for BS, SS and ZS respectively. The p<sup>H</sup> of the Balanites extracts (BS) shows a range from neutral to weakly acidic with increase in concentration whereas the commercial detergents (ZS and SS) were moderately basic. The p<sup>H</sup> obtained ranges from 7.50, 10.87 and 10.92 for BS, SS and ZS respectively at 2g/100mL; 7.02, 10.94 and 11.11 at 4g/100mL; 6.80, 10.99 and 11.27 at 6g/100mL; 6.61, 11.06 and 11.43 at 8g/100mL and 6.39, 11.11 and 11.57 at 10g/100mL for BS, SS and ZS respectively. Our preliminary findings may be useful for industrialist that may wish to produce eco-friendly and biodegradable soap. Also this research is timely with reference to the economic recession most countries are into, as well as the down fall in petroleum products from where the active ingredients of synthetic commercial surfactants are made.&picture=http://www.aascit.org/aascit/decorators/img/journal/905.jpg)
| [1] | Agu Matthew Onyema, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Bali, Nigeria. |
| [2] | Onwuka Jude Chinedu, Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lafia, Lafia, Nigeria. |
| [3] | Muhammad Sani Ahmad, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Bali, Nigeria. |
The surfactant properties of Desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca Linna. Delile. (Family- Balanitaceae) stem bark has been traditionally identified as natural surfactant in North Central States of Nigeria (especially in Taraba and Adamawa States) and it’s been evaluated in this work. The successive extract of the stem bark was carried out using separating funnel on four solvents with respect to their polarity and the extract obtained was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening analysis. The phytochemical screening investigation revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. The stem bark of Balanites aegyptiaca (BS) extract was evaluated based on saponin value, surface activity and pH at different concentrations and compared with two commercial surfactants (symbolized SS and ZS). The Balanites aegyptiaca stem bark extract shows presence of saponin using frothing and haemolysis test. The crude saponin obtained from Balanites aegyptiaca stem bark methanol extract yielded 35.2% for 100g. An amount of 2g/100mL of the extract tested for surface activity yielded 51.63Nm-1, 25.15 Nm-1 and 24.32 Nm-1 for BS, SS and ZS respectively, Also an amount of 4g/100mL of the extract yielded, 50.01 Nm-1, 23.62 Nm-1 and 22.06 Nm-1 for BS, SS and ZS respectively. The following was obtained at different high concentrations, that is, 48.54 Nm-1, 22.49 Nm-1 and 20.39 Nm-1 for 6g/100mL; 48.51 Nm-1, 21.20 Nm-1 and 21.49 Nm-1 at 8g/100mL; and 44.70 Nm-1, 24.41 Nm-1 and 22.90 Nm-1 at 10g/100mL for BS, SS and ZS respectively. The pH of the Balanites extracts (BS) shows a range from neutral to weakly acidic with increase in concentration whereas the commercial detergents (ZS and SS) were moderately basic. The pH obtained ranges from 7.50, 10.87 and 10.92 for BS, SS and ZS respectively at 2g/100mL; 7.02, 10.94 and 11.11 at 4g/100mL; 6.80, 10.99 and 11.27 at 6g/100mL; 6.61, 11.06 and 11.43 at 8g/100mL and 6.39, 11.11 and 11.57 at 10g/100mL for BS, SS and ZS respectively. Our preliminary findings may be useful for industrialist that may wish to produce eco-friendly and biodegradable soap. Also this research is timely with reference to the economic recession most countries are into, as well as the down fall in petroleum products from where the active ingredients of synthetic commercial surfactants are made.
Keywords
Balanites aegyptiaca, Phytochemical, Biodegradable, Saponin, Haemolysis, Commercial Surfactant
Reference
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