Indexing
All Issues
Submission
Author Guidelines
Reviewers
Editorial Members
Publication Fee
Vol.2 , No. 2, Publication Date: Apr. 3, 2015, Page: 20-24
&description=This work was undertaken to investigate microbial pollution of water resources in IBAA, one of the oil-producing Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of seven water samples were collected from different points in the following order: sample of underground water were collected from three different boreholes, a well water sample and surface water were collected from three points in a river, 200m apart and all located close to a spill site which occurred in June, 2007. Test results showed that the total bacterial counts and total coliforms counts were above limit for all the borehole samples tested while Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi counts were within limit as specified by Department of Petroleum resources and World Health Organization for effluent water samples and drinking water samples respectively. Other microorganisms isolated from the water samples include Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter species, and Bacillus subtilis. Generally, the level of contamination of borehole water samples differ from that of both the well and river water samples. The river water and the well water samples were of poor microbial quality. To ensure supply of safe drinking water to the public, routine chemical analysis and microbial analysis is imperative to detect on time, incidental and eventual deterioration of water quality especially the Community High School water (CHSW) area which is prone to industrial pollution from the river.&picture=http://www.aascit.org/aascit/decorators/img/journal/903.jpg)
| [1] | Ebere Joy Uchechi, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. |
| [2] | Amajuoyi Chinomso Allwell, Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. |
This work was undertaken to investigate microbial pollution of water resources in IBAA, one of the oil-producing Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of seven water samples were collected from different points in the following order: sample of underground water were collected from three different boreholes, a well water sample and surface water were collected from three points in a river, 200m apart and all located close to a spill site which occurred in June, 2007. Test results showed that the total bacterial counts and total coliforms counts were above limit for all the borehole samples tested while Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi counts were within limit as specified by Department of Petroleum resources and World Health Organization for effluent water samples and drinking water samples respectively. Other microorganisms isolated from the water samples include Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter species, and Bacillus subtilis. Generally, the level of contamination of borehole water samples differ from that of both the well and river water samples. The river water and the well water samples were of poor microbial quality. To ensure supply of safe drinking water to the public, routine chemical analysis and microbial analysis is imperative to detect on time, incidental and eventual deterioration of water quality especially the Community High School water (CHSW) area which is prone to industrial pollution from the river.
Keywords
Oil Producing Communities, Deterioration, Pollution, Microbial Analysis, River
Reference
| [01] | Abu, G.O. and C. Egenonu (2008). The current pollution status of new Calabar River in the Niger Delta region of Southern Nigeria: A survey of antibiogram profile of its bacterial isolates. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2:134-141. |
| [02] | Ayoade, J.O. and B.C. Oyebande (1983). Water resources in Efe, seasonal variations of physicochemical characteristics in water resources quality in Western Niger Delta Region, Nigeria. J. Appl. Sci. Environ., 9:191-195. |
| [03] | Ayoade, J.O. (1994). Human Impact on the Environment. In Filani (eds) Ibadan Region, Ibadan. Rex Charles Pub. |
| [04] | Benjelloun, S., B. Bahbouhi, N. Bouchrat, L. C hericaoni, N. Nad, J. Mahyour and A. Bensumane (1997). Seroepidemiological study of an acute Hepatitis E outbreak in Morocco. Res. Virol., 148: 279-283. |
| [05] | Birmingham, M.E., L.A. Lea, N. Ndayiminje, S. Nkurikiye, B.S. Harsh, J.G. Well and M.S. Ijeming (1997). Epidemic cholera in Burundi: patterns of transmission in the Great Rift Valley Lake region. Lancet., 349: 981-985. |
| [06] | Cheesbrough, M. (2000). District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. Part 2, Cambridge University Press, pp. 143-154. |
| [07] | Chukwura, E.I., (2001). Aquatic Microbiology. Otoba Press Limited, Onitsha, Nigeria. |
| [08] | Dzwairo, B. Z. Hoko, D. Love, and E. Guzha (2006). Assessment of the impacts of pit latrines on groundwater quality in rural areas: a case study from Marondera district, Zimbabwe. Phys. Chem. Earth. J. 31:779–788. |
| [09] | Efe, S. T. (2002). Urban Warming in Nigerian cities: The case of Warri metropolis. African Journal of Environmental Studies, 2: pp 6. |
| [10] | Eniola, K. I. T., D.Y. Obafemi, S.F. Awe, I.I. Yusuf, and O.A. Falaiye (2007). Effects of containers and storage conditions on bacteriological quality of borehole water. Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 21:1578 – 1585. |
| [11] | Erah, P. O., C.N. Akujieze, and G.E. Oteze (2002). The quality of groundwater in Benin City: A baseline study on inorganic chemicals and microbial contaminants of health importance in boreholes and open wells. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 1:75-82. |
| [12] | Fakayode, S.O. (2005). Impact assessment of industrial effluent on water quality of the receiving Alaro River in Ibadan, Nigeria. Ajeam-Ragee 10: 1-13. |
| [13] | Frankenberger, Jr. W.T. and J.R. Johanson (1982). Influence of crude oil and refined petroleum on soil dehydrogenese activity. J. Environ. Qual. 11: 612 – 617. |
| [14] | Hejkal, T.W., B. Keswick, R.L. Labella, C.P. Gerba, V. Sanchez, G. Dreesman, B. Hafkin and J.L. Melnick (1982). Viruses in a community water supply associated with an outbreak of gastroenteritis and infectious Hepatitis. J. Am. Waterwork. Assoc., 74: 317-321. |
| [15] | Hughes, J.M. and J.P. Koplan. (2005). Saving lives through global safe water. Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 11:1636-1637. |
| [16] | Ibe, S.N. and J.I. Okplenye (2005). Bacteriological analysis of borehole water in Uli, Nigeria. Afr. J. Appl. Zool. Environ. Biol., 7: 116–119. |
| [17] | Jawetz, E., J.L. Melnick and E.A. Adelbery (1991). Medical Microbiology. 19th Edn., Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, Connecticut. |
| [18] | Kelly, P.B., K.S. Ndubani, P. Nchito, N.A. Luo, R.A. Feldman and M .J. Farthing (1997). Cryptosporidiosis in adults in Lusaka, Zambia and its relationship to oocyst contamination of drinking water. J. Infect. Dis., 176: 1120-1125. |
| [19] | National Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) (2007). National Standard for Drinking Water Quality, pp 1-22. |
| [20] | Nyati, H. (2004). Evaluation of the microbial quality of water supplies to municipal, mining and squatter communities in the Bindura urban area of Zimbabwe. Water Sci. Technol., 50: 99–103. |
| [21] | Obasi R.A. and O. Balogun (2001). Water quality and environmental impact assessment of water resources in Nigeria. African Journal of Environment Studies, 2:228-231. |
| [22] | Obi C.L., P.O. Bessong, M.N.B. Momba, N. Potgieter, A. Samie, E.O. Igumbor (2004). Profiles of antibiotic susceptibilities of bacterial isolates and physicochemical quality of water supply in rural Venda communities, South Africa. Water SA, 30: 515-519. |
| [23] | Okafor, N. (1985). Aquatic and Waste Water Microbiology. Fourth Dimension Publishing Ltd, Enugu, pp87. |
| [24] | Okonko, I.O., O.D. Adejoye, T.A. Ogunnusi, E.A. Fajobi and O.B. Shittu (2008). Microbiological and physicochemical analysis of different water samples used for domestic purposes in Abeokuta and Ojota, Lagos Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7:617-621. |
| [25] | Okoye, N.V., Schoutan Jr, and A.J. O’Sullivan (1987). Monitoring and Evaluation of Oil Related Pollution in NNPC Operations. In Proceeding of the 1987 Seminar on the Petroleum Industry and Nigeria Environment held at Imo Concorde Hotel, Owerri. |
| [26] | Okpokwasili, G.C. and T.C. Akojubi (1996). Bacteriological indicators of tropical water quality. Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual., 11: 77-82. |
| [27] | Ovrawah, L. and F.K. Hymore (2001). Quality of water from hand-dug wells in Warri Environs of Niger Delta Region. African Journal of Environmental Studies, 2:169-173. |
| [28] | Potgieter N, L.S. Mudau, F.R.S. Maluleke (2007). Microbiological quality of groundwater sources used by rural communities in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Water Sci. Technol., 54: 371–377. |
| [29] | Tortora, J., S. Funke and L. Case (1998). Microbiology. An Introduction. 16th Edn., The Benjamin Cummings Publication, pp: 906-1001. |
| [30] | Umeh, C. N., O.I. Okorie, and G. A. Emesiani (2005). Towards the provision of safe drinking water: The bacteriological quality and safety of sachet water in Awka, Anambra State. In the Book of Abstract of the 29th Annual Conference & General Meeting on Microbes as Agents of Sustainable Development, organized by Nigerian Society for Microbiology (NSM), University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, pp. 22. |
| [31] | World Health Organization (1985). W.H.O International Standards for Drinking Water. pp 10-15. |
