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Vol.5 , No. 1, Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2019, Page: 1-7
 on Avian Newcastle Disease Virus&description=One hundred and twenty (120) fertile eggs were incubated, embryonation confirmed and grouped into three (A, B, C) of 40 each. To A and B were introduced 0.1µl velogenic Newcastle virus strain, with the plant extract mixed into group B; only the plant extract was introduced into group C. The eggs were incubated and candled variously; the number that survived after 7 days were recorded. Dilutions 10<sup>-3</sup>, 10<sup>-4</sup> and 10<sup>-5</sup>, all had 100% mortality, and 10<sup>-7</sup> and 10<sup>-6</sup> had 25% and 75% mortality in Group A. Groups B and C both had 100% survival. 160 day-old chicks were brooded until the 21<sup>st</sup> day and divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D) of 40. Group A and B were vaccinated with Lasota vaccine on the 22<sup>nd</sup> day. Group B and C were treated with the plant extract from the 23<sup>nd</sup> to 28<sup>th</sup> day at a dose of 200mg/kg body weight orally. Group D was treated with a mixed of the Lasota vaccine and plant extract on the 28<sup>th</sup> day. They were all bled on the 13<sup>th</sup> and 18<sup>th</sup> day post treatment. Haemagglutination Inhibition test was carried out on the serum extracted from the blood samples. Result showed a significant lowering in antibodies on both the 13<sup>th</sup> and 18<sup>th</sup> day post treatment for Group B and only 18<sup>th</sup> in Group D (P < 0.05). In the Third phase, 120 birds were divided into two groups with three replicates of twenty birds each. Group I was challenged with the velogenic strain Newcastle virus and not treated. Group II was challenged with the virus and treated with the extract at a dose of 200mg/kg body weight daily for 14 days. Result showed a 100% morbidity; mortality was 100% across all replicates in Group I, while in Group II, mortality was 10%, 5% and 20% in replicates R<sub>1</sub>, R<sub>2</sub> and R<sub>3</sub>, respectively. Post mortem findings showed presence of petechial haemorrhages on the internal mucosa of the proventriculus of birds that died in Group I. Haemorrhages were absent in the dead and recovered birds in Group II. Phytochemistry and mineral element analysis of the plant showed the presence of Alkaloid, yohimbin; Saponins, hyperoside and desglucoruscin; Flavonoids, rutin, Isoquercitrin and chlorogenic acid; Tannin, catechin were identified along with copper, zinc calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium. Some of the active ingredients have been recorded to have antiviral properties.&picture=http://www.aascit.org/aascit/decorators/img/journal/893.jpg)
| [1] | Mgbojikwe Anthony Chukwuka, Agricultural Extension and Farm Management Department, Federal College of Forestry, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jos, Nigeria. |
| [2] | Okpara Jude, Science Laboratory Department, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria. |
| [3] | Umera Arinze Emmanuel, Africa Centre for Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria. |
| [4] | Aguiyi John Chinyere, Africa Centre for Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria. |
One hundred and twenty (120) fertile eggs were incubated, embryonation confirmed and grouped into three (A, B, C) of 40 each. To A and B were introduced 0.1µl velogenic Newcastle virus strain, with the plant extract mixed into group B; only the plant extract was introduced into group C. The eggs were incubated and candled variously; the number that survived after 7 days were recorded. Dilutions 10-3, 10-4 and 10-5, all had 100% mortality, and 10-7 and 10-6 had 25% and 75% mortality in Group A. Groups B and C both had 100% survival. 160 day-old chicks were brooded until the 21st day and divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D) of 40. Group A and B were vaccinated with Lasota vaccine on the 22nd day. Group B and C were treated with the plant extract from the 23nd to 28th day at a dose of 200mg/kg body weight orally. Group D was treated with a mixed of the Lasota vaccine and plant extract on the 28th day. They were all bled on the 13th and 18th day post treatment. Haemagglutination Inhibition test was carried out on the serum extracted from the blood samples. Result showed a significant lowering in antibodies on both the 13th and 18th day post treatment for Group B and only 18th in Group D (P < 0.05). In the Third phase, 120 birds were divided into two groups with three replicates of twenty birds each. Group I was challenged with the velogenic strain Newcastle virus and not treated. Group II was challenged with the virus and treated with the extract at a dose of 200mg/kg body weight daily for 14 days. Result showed a 100% morbidity; mortality was 100% across all replicates in Group I, while in Group II, mortality was 10%, 5% and 20% in replicates R1, R2 and R3, respectively. Post mortem findings showed presence of petechial haemorrhages on the internal mucosa of the proventriculus of birds that died in Group I. Haemorrhages were absent in the dead and recovered birds in Group II. Phytochemistry and mineral element analysis of the plant showed the presence of Alkaloid, yohimbin; Saponins, hyperoside and desglucoruscin; Flavonoids, rutin, Isoquercitrin and chlorogenic acid; Tannin, catechin were identified along with copper, zinc calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium. Some of the active ingredients have been recorded to have antiviral properties.
Keywords
Momordic abalsamina, Alkaloids, Saponins, Flavonoids, Tannins, Resins, Glycosides
Reference
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