This present dissertation deals with the post-colonial reading of Athol Fugard’s “Master Harold” and the Boys and aims to expose the ways the white supremacy is being instilled within and stipulated by the colored people. It raises two central questions: how has colonization in post-modern world modernized itself on one hand on the other, it investigates how neo-colonial forms are the new-roots of old colonial phenomenon. This research aims at exploring neo-colonial strategies and tools employed by colonist, especially discourse formulations, to instill desired ideologies in the colonized subjects. Moreover, it also unveils and calls into question the intact façade of White supremacy, bringing into limelight cultural segregation on racial grounds. Given that this research paper unearths the mechanisms of lingual and social identities within the backdrop of colonial aftermath and its vicious hazards. Many critics argue that new social vices, either racial segregation or confined liberty, are the extensions of colonization. In the similar way, the black characters-Sam and Willie-unveil the ways white supremacist has plagued the black’s community; racial discrimination, social marginalization and slavery are still common practices in the modernized and embellished forms. This paper will explore these social exigencies and their affects in cross-cultural misunderstandings in Fugard’s “Master Harold” and the Boys.
Discourse, Racism, Colonial Strategies, Cultural Misappropriation and Ideological Suppression
[1]
Forster, Edward Morgan. A passage to India. Pearson Education India, 1969.
[2]
Miller, Jean Baker. "Colloquium: Women and power." Work in Progress (Stone Center for Developmental Services and Studies) (1982): 82-01.
[3]
Powell, Mervyn. "The Core/Periphery Model and South Africa." Teaching Geography 15.1 (1990): 14-14.
[4]
Cummings, Mark. "A World without Collisions:" Master Harold"... and the boys in the Classroom." English Journal 78.6 (1989): 71.
[5]
Roberts, Sheila. "" No Lessons Learnt": Reading the Texts of Fugard's a Lesson from Aloes and Master Harold... and the Boys." English in Africa (1982): 27-33.
[6]
Achebe, Chinua. Morning yet on creation day: Essays. London: Heinemann, 1975.
[7]
Corlett, J. Angelo. Race, racism, and reparations. Cornell University Press, 2003.
[8]
Wallis, Jim. God's politics: Why the right gets it wrong and the left doesn't get it. Zondervan, 2005.
[9]
Durbach, Errol. "“Master Harold"... and the boys: Athol Fugard and the Psychopathology of Apartheid." Modern drama 30.4 (1987): 505-513.
[10]
Post, Robert M. "Racism in Athol Fugard's “MASTER HAROLD”… and the boys." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 30.1 (1990): 97-102.
[11]
Fugard, Athol. " Master Harold"--and the Boys. Vintage, 2009.
[12]
Harding, Sandra. "Science, race, culture, empire." A companion to racial and ethnic studies (2008): 217-228.
[13]
Essed, Philomena. Understanding everyday racism: An interdisciplinary theory. Vol. 2. Sage, 1991.
[14]
Conrad, Joseph. "Heart of darkness." Heart of Darkness. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 1996. 17-95.
[15]
Wildman, Stephanie M. Privilege revealed: How invisible preference undermines America. NYU press, 1996.
[16]
Bell, Bernard W. The Afro-American novel and its tradition. Univ of Massachusetts Press, 1989.
[17]
Foucault, Michel. Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972-1977. Pantheon, 1980.
[18]
Tyson, Lois. Critical Theory Today: a User-Friendly Guide. Routledge, 2015.
[19]
Defoe, Daniel. "Robinson Crusoe. 1719." London: Warne, nd (1994).
[20]
Mandela, Nelson. "Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela. 1995." Randburg, Gauteng: Macdonald (1994).
[21]
Delgado, Richard, and Jean Stefancic. Critical race theory: An introduction. NYU Press, 2017.
[22]
DUBOIS, WEB. "The Souls of Black Folk, essays and sketches first published in Chicago in 1903 with a new introduction by Herbert Aptheker." New York, Kraus-Thompson Organisation Ltd (1973).