The invention of the laser spurred the development of additional techniques to manipulate atoms with light. Using laser light to cool atoms was first proposed in 1975 by taking advantage of the Doppler Effect to make the radiation force on an atom dependent on its velocity, a technique known as Doppler cooling. One of the major technical challenges in Doppler cooling was increasing the amount of time an atom can interact with the laser light. Ultra cold atoms may even allow creating exotic states of matter, which cannot otherwise be observed in nature. Owing to their unique quantum properties and the great experimental control available in such systems, ultra cold atoms have a variety of applications, namely, quantum computation and quantum simulation in the context of condensed matter physics where it may provide valuable insights into the properties of interacting quantum systems. Laser cooling is primarily used to create ultra cold atoms for experiments in quantum physics.
Doppler Effect, Exotic States, Quantum Computation, Quantum Simulation, Condensed Matter, Laser Cooling
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