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Vol.2 , No. 6, Publication Date: Nov. 25, 2017, Page: 39-45
 Extracts on Some Enteric Pathogens&description=The Phytochemical Potentials and the <i>in-vitro</i> Antibacterial Activity of <i>Phyllantus niruri</i> extratcs (Chanca piedra) on Some Selected Enteric Pathogens was investigated. The entire fresh plants (<i>P. niruri</i>) obtained from the Federal University Wukari, were washed under running tap water; air-dried for ten days; pulverized in a mortar and then finely sieved. Each of 20g, 40g, 80g, 100g, 200g, 400g, 600g, 800g and 1000g of the powder was dissolved separately into 1000mL each of distilled water and ethanol for 24hr and then filtered using Whatman filter paper; to obtain 2%, 4%, 8%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% concentrations of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts accordingly. The test organisms were pure isolates <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aerognosa</i> and <i>Salmonella typhi</i>. Agar-well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial effect of the extract on a prepared nutrient agar. The extracts showed antibacterial activity against all the test isolates at different concentrations. The zone of inhibition increased with increased concentrations of the extracts. However, aqueous extracts showed more antibacterial activity than the ethanolic extracts. Following the same concentrations and procedure; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts were further determined by broth dilution technique. Exactly 5mls from each of the extracts were serially diluted to a five-fold (10<sup>-5</sup>) and mixed with 5mls of Nutrient broth. And an inoculum of the test microorganisms were added to each of the tubes; thoroughly mixed and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. The tubes were observed visually for growth by comparing the turbidity with the control. The lowest concentration of the extract that did not show any visible growth when compared to control test tube of Chloramphenicol (50mg/ml) was recorded as the MIC. Phytochemical extraction was done using GC-MS QP2010 Japan PLUS machine. Phenols, tannins and flavonoids were extracted in a very large amount; alkaloids, large amount; anthroquinones, low amount while saponnins, Phlabobatanins, Carbohydrates and Cardiacglycosides were absent. Most of these compounds extracted have antibacterial activity.&picture=http://www.aascit.org/aascit/decorators/img/journal/832.jpg)
| [1] | Ibrahim Awache, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. |
| [2] | Imo Chinedu, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. |
| [3] | Michael Nosano Yakubu, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. |
| [4] | Andefiki Ubandoma, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. |
| [5] | Mohammed Gero, Department of Consultancy and Production, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Nigeria. |
| [6] | Moses Nnamdi Ononimu, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. |
The Phytochemical Potentials and the in-vitro Antibacterial Activity of Phyllantus niruri extratcs (Chanca piedra) on Some Selected Enteric Pathogens was investigated. The entire fresh plants (P. niruri) obtained from the Federal University Wukari, were washed under running tap water; air-dried for ten days; pulverized in a mortar and then finely sieved. Each of 20g, 40g, 80g, 100g, 200g, 400g, 600g, 800g and 1000g of the powder was dissolved separately into 1000mL each of distilled water and ethanol for 24hr and then filtered using Whatman filter paper; to obtain 2%, 4%, 8%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% concentrations of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts accordingly. The test organisms were pure isolates Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerognosa and Salmonella typhi. Agar-well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial effect of the extract on a prepared nutrient agar. The extracts showed antibacterial activity against all the test isolates at different concentrations. The zone of inhibition increased with increased concentrations of the extracts. However, aqueous extracts showed more antibacterial activity than the ethanolic extracts. Following the same concentrations and procedure; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts were further determined by broth dilution technique. Exactly 5mls from each of the extracts were serially diluted to a five-fold (10-5) and mixed with 5mls of Nutrient broth. And an inoculum of the test microorganisms were added to each of the tubes; thoroughly mixed and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. The tubes were observed visually for growth by comparing the turbidity with the control. The lowest concentration of the extract that did not show any visible growth when compared to control test tube of Chloramphenicol (50mg/ml) was recorded as the MIC. Phytochemical extraction was done using GC-MS QP2010 Japan PLUS machine. Phenols, tannins and flavonoids were extracted in a very large amount; alkaloids, large amount; anthroquinones, low amount while saponnins, Phlabobatanins, Carbohydrates and Cardiacglycosides were absent. Most of these compounds extracted have antibacterial activity.
Keywords
Phyllanthus niruri, Phytochemical Potentials, Antibacterial Activity and Enteric Pathogens
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